Carbon comb-electrode



v A. PAPINI.

CARBON COMB ELECTRODE. APPLICATION FILED AUG.Z8, 1919.

Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

ANTONIO PAPIN I, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO A. MECKYCOMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENN- SYLVANIA.

Application filed August 28, 1919.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ANTONIO PAPINI, a subject of the King of Italy,having resided in the United States one year last past and havingdeclared my intention of becoming a citizen thereof, residing in thecity and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented anew and useful Carbon Comb-Electrode, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention consists of a novel construction of a battery of carboncomb electrodes each of which comprises a suitable body having membersor elements projecting therefrom, which are adapted to be assembled orcollocatedin staggered order, said electrodes being supported withrespect to each other in any suitable or convenient manner, andprovision being made for one of said electrodes to be connected to asuitable resistance and the other of said electrodes to a conductor,whereby, in one embodiment of my invention the device can be effectivelyused as an automatic electric liquid heater, although it is obviouslyequally capable of many other adaptations.

My invention further consists of a novel construction and collocation ofcarbon comb electrodes which are suitably supported with respect to eachother and provided with projecting elements arranged in staggered orderand having a series of alining ports therethrough, in which aninsulating sleeve may be located, said sleeve having one end of aresistance passing therethrough, which can be connected in any suitablemanner to an exterior conductor, while the other of said electrodes isconnected to the other end of said resistance, said battery of carbonelectrodes being of relatively low ohmic resistance when submerged inwater and being connected in series with the heating element of dueresistance, the resistance of the former being to the latter in theproportion of about one to ten or over.

To the above ends my invention consists of the novel construction ofcarbon comb electrodes and their adjuncts which will be hereinafterdescribed and particularly pointed out in the claims, attention beingcalled to my copending application for electric heater for water andother liquids, Ser. No. 820,444.

For the purpose of illustrating my inven- Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

Serial No. 320,445.

tion, I have shown in the accompanying drawings one form thereof whichis at present preferred by me, since the same will be found in practiceto give satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to beunderstood that the various instrumentalities of which my inventionconsists can be variously arranged and organized and that my inventionis not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of theseinstrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Figure 1 represents a vertical, sectional view of a battery of carboncomb electrodes and their adjuncts embodying my invention, saidelectrodes being shown in said figure as applicable to an electricheater for water or other liquids.

Fig. 2 represents a diagram of said carbon comb electrodes, theresistance and conductors therefor.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in'thefigures.

Referring to the drawings l and 2 designate my novel construction ofcarbon comb electrodes, the electrode 1 comprising a body or wall 3,having the.

projecting elements 4:, 5 and 6, while the electrode 2 has the wall orbody 7 and the projecting elements 8, 9 and 10, said elements beingarranged in staggered order, the el ment 8 being located between theelements i and 5, and the element 9 being located between the elements 5and 6. The electrode 2 is connected to one end of the resistance 11, theother end 12 of the latter passing through the insulating sleeve13, andbeing connected to the conductor l4.

l5 designates the other conductor, which is connected by the conductor16 to the electrode 1. In the construction seen in Fig. 1, I have shownthe insulating sleeve 13 as located in the ports 17 of the projectingstaggered elements of said electrodes, said Fig. 1 showing one form ofthe application of my invention to an automatic liquid heater comprisinga casing 18, having an inlet 19, an outlet 20 and a cover 21, saidresistance being mounted on the porcelain body 22 having the lower andupper ports 23 and 24: respectively. The body 22 and lining 25 are ofporcelain or the like and as the automatic water heater per .96 forms nopart of the present invention but is the subject matter of a separateapplication, a further detailed description thereof is unnecessary, asthis is but one of the various devices to which my present invention isapplicable.

In the embodiment of my invention shown in Fig. 1, it will be understoodthat the liquid to be heated enters the casing at 19 and is dischargedat 20, suitable provision being made for its effective circulation byreason of the ports, 23, 24:, and 17. When the electrodes 1 and 2 aresubmerged or partially submerged in water to the desired extent it willbe apparent that the circuit will be closed and if the water is shut offat the inlet 19 by any suitable means, (not shown) the water or otherliquid contained in the spaces between the electrodes will partly flowout at 20 and partly vaporize, thus closing the electric circuit, whenthe water level falls to a predetermined point.

It will be apparent from the construction or application of myinvention, seen in Fig. 1, that the current flows through the conductors15 and 1G, to the electrode 1, through the water or other liquid to theelectrode 2, thence to the resistance 11, thence to the conductors 12and let, so that in this embodiment of my invention, it will be seenthat l: have disclosed the combination of a battery of the carbon combelectrodes, disposed in series with the resistance or heating element11, and that the presence and the absence of the water or other liquidto be heated closes or opens respectively the electric circuit, my noveldevice in the embodiment shown, having no movable parts and beingentirely automatic and operative under all conditions upon the admissionof the fluid to the inte rior of the casing 18. It will be apparent thatin the broad principle of my invention embodying the collocation of thecarbon comb electrodes, the latter-may be assembled or collocated andsupported in any desired operative relation, with respect to each other,and thus my invention is adaptable to various other uses than that shownherein.

It will now be apparent that l have devised a novel and useful carboncomb electrode, which embodies the features ofadvantage enumerated asdesirable in the statement of the invention and the above descrip tion,and While I have, in the present instance, shown and described apreferred embodiment thereof which will give in practice satisfactoryand reliable results, it is to be understood that such embodiment issusceptible of modification in various particulars without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of itsadvantages.

ilaving thus described my invention, what l claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

l. The herein described battery of carbon comb electrodes, each of thelatter comprising a body portion and projecting elements arranged instaggered order and provided with alining ports, an insulating sleevelocated in said ports and a resistance, one end of said resistance beingconnected to one of said electrodes and its other end leading 'throughsaid insulating sleeve to a conductor.

2. The herein described battery of carbon comb electrodes, of relativelylow ohmic resistance when in water and provided with projecting elementsarranged in staggered order, and a heating element connected in seriesto said electrodes, one end of said heating element being connected toone of said electrodes and the other end thereof being connected to aconductor.

3. The herein described battery of carbon comb electrodes of low ohmicresistance when in water and having projecting elements arranged instaggered order, a resistance connected in series to said electrodes,said elements having alining ports therethrough, and an insulatingsleeve located in said ports and having one end of said resistancepassing therethrough.

ANTONIG PAPINI.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. Wmnnnsnnnr,

C. D. MOVAY.

